Internet Essay -- essays research papers

How to use Internet as a management resource?IntroductionInternet is a global network, connecting thousands of host servers worldwide. The United States Department of disproof established it in the beginning of the 1960s. Today, there are now 10 to 20 million people using an Internet comprised of more than 30,000 networks spread out(a) over 78 nations all over the world.Now the Internet has become a great electronic gateway that provides instant access to global news program and information. The databases, documents, files, and programs that are sitting on Internet computers contain a tremendous amount of information. You can search for and find up-to-the-minute stock market activity, hold up reports, music, recipe you can make free long distance call you can purchase goods you can chat and see your friends. It seems you can do whatsoever thing you want. In order to cope with increasing competition, the managers have always effort to gain a competitive advantage throughout the implementation of Internet. So the fundamental purpose of our report is to outline the impressive ways associated with the implementation of Internet that can help managers to improve their performance. Our report would like to discuss the effective ways for managers to use Internet in three aspects. The first is how managers can compete in the business world through searching and monitoring remote information by using Internet. The second aspect is how managers can approach specific kno...

A Gap Year: Just Say No Essay -- Education, A Gap Year

Youre advance back from a well needed break from school and you aspect invigorated and ready to start. The first few weeks are the hardest to adjust to because your brain hasnt been used throughout the break. The dilemma with breaks, such as summer break, is that wizard loses valuable information from past pedantic courses that are essential to ones progress towards higher education. Imagine a whole year without learning and then coming back to intense rigorous classes at a University. senior(a)s at high schools over the nation have the opportunity of taking a year sullen before committing to a college. This is known as a Gap Year instead of directly enrolling into a University many students feel the need to take a break before starting their education towards their future career. Yes, a Gap Year does sound pleasing and beneficial, but in the long run it shadower be damaging towards ones future. Students should be aware of the ramification a Gap Year brings, suc h as, the possibility for enrolling in a graduate school is lower, academic growth is reduced, and social obstacles become present. Before understanding the consequences of a gap year, it is important to understand why people take a Gap Year. Senior year can be tense and come with several unanswered questions. Seniors are given four options when leaving High School. Those choices are either get together the army, going straight to work, applying to college, or taking a Gap Year. In a journal by Sunny Niu and Marta Tienda, Delayed Enrollment and College Plans Is There a Postponement Penalty? explains some of the reasons why high school graduates tend to not go directly to a four year university. One of the important reasons high school graduates are hesitant to attend co... ... index.php/considering-a-gap-year/why-take-a-gap-year. Holmes, Bradford. Decide If a Gap Year Makes Sense to You. Us News n. pag. Print. Horn, Laura, Emily Forrest Cataldi, and Anna Sikora. W aiting to Attend College. home(a) Center of Education Statistics. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2013. . Niu, Sunny, and Marta Tienda. Delayed Enrollment and College Plans Is There a Postponement Penalty? ledger of Higher Education (2013) 1-28. Print. OShea, Joseph. Delaying the Academy A Gap Year Education. Teaching in Higher Education (2011) 1-14. Print. Wells, Ryan S., and Cassie M. Lynch. Delayed College Entry and the Socioeconomic Gap Examining the Roles of Student Plans, Family Income, Parental Education, and Parental Occupation. Journal of Higher Education

Awakening Essay -- essays research papers

When Kate Chopins The Awakening was published at the end of the 19th Century, many reviewers took issue with what they perceived to be the authors defiance of niminy-piminy proprieties, but it is this very defiance with which has been responsible for the revival in the interest of the novel today. This factor is borne out by Chopins own words throughout her Preface -- where she indicates that women were non recipients of equal treatment. (Chopin, Preface ) Edna takes her own biography at the books end, not because of remorse over having committed adultery but because she can no longer cope against the social conventions which deny her fulfillment as a person and as a woman. Like Kate Chopin herself, Edna is an artist and a woman of sensitivity who believes that her identity as a woman involves more than being a wife and mother. It is this very type of independent thinking which was viewed as heretical in a ships company which sought to deny women any meaningful participation. The fact that Edna is an artist is significant, insofar as it allows her to have a sensibility as developed as the authors. Furthermore, Edna is equal to find in Mlle. Reisz, who has established herself as a musician, a role model who inspires her in her efforts at independence. Mlle. Reisz, in confiding to Edna that You are the only iodine worth playing for, gives evidence of the common bond which the two of them feel as women whose sensibilities are significantly different from those of the common herd. The French heritage which Edna inattentive through her Creole upbringing allowed her, like Kate Chopin herself, to have knowledge or a way of life that represented a challenge to dominant Victorian conventions. In Creole society, women are dominated by men, but at least the freer attitude toward sexuality allows a woman opportunities for romance which are lacking(p) in Anglo-Saxon culture. But sexual freedom is of little interest to Edna unless it can be used as a means of ass erting her boilers suit freedom as a human being. Learning to swim is thus important to her, because it allows her to have more control over the circumstances of her own life through the overcoming of the dread of water and the fear of death which it symbolizes. Again, the process through which Edna attains liberation and, in the authors words, begins to do as she likes and to feel as she likes, is a slack one. From stat... ...otagonist, or the heroine. She dares to rebel against prevailing society, and even the very title of the book, as named by Kate Chopin, The Awakening is analogous to danger. Is the truth then so dangerous and dire that one risks suicide? And if so, is this applicable to everyone? Similarly I would ask the question, if this were to be the case, or if even not, why is that most of the population is not committing suicide? sure they are living lives which they would not prefer, for example, most people according to polls would not report their job unless the y had to and were paid for it. Most marriages end in divorce. Indeed, the academic degree and level of suffering and pain throughout the populace is almost unfathomable. Perhaps, Ms. Chopin was living out a vicarious reality through Edna in committing suicide...and perhaps, this may be the underlying reason for the great reception which this novel has enjoyed...as well as staying power. Similarly, it has also been appointed a kind of jewel of the vanguard of womens rights. Indeed, The Awakening is one novel which exemplifies the attempt -- even realization -- of American womanhoods escape from personal and domestic bondage.

The History and Evolution of the Juvenile Justice System Essay

The history of the juvenile justice system is a mixture of the criminal justice system, family court, child protective services, mixer services, orphanages, adoption and humanitarian growth. (Schmalleger, 2007) Where a child fit into the system would depend on the crime, family pedigree, financial standing, color and social status. Children of color would be treated harsher than whites, Indian children were treated worse than African American Children, and status was determined by the color of your skin. Children of color would be given a death sentence before make it a white child and those with financial means could buy a pardon or parole. (Hopkins, 2008)From Americas beginning we modeled our criminal codes and punishments later on Englands. England did not make allowances for the age or maturity of an offender, punishments ranged from flogging, mutilation, branding, public humiliation (stockades), work houses, exile and other forms of torture and every person was subject to them no matter the age we carried this tradition with us to the colonies. (Roberson, 2007) In the nineteenth century we began what I feel is more of a social services program that was in fact an attack on the poor but the juvenile system calls the child-saving movement. This movement focused on the dangerousness and immorality that was believed to go hand in hand with being underprivileged. The House of Refuge that were privately or community funded opened in New York in 1825 (Larry J. Siegel, 2008) it was believed to be a family environment but was in fact a work house and functioned much like the later industrial prisons (1890-1935) that fell out of favor because of the economic impact on the U.S. economy. (Schmalleger, 2007)pg. 490) Americans were mu... ...ved January 2, 2011, from ExecutedToday.com http//www.executedtoday.com/2008/12/20/1786-hannah-ocuish-age-12/Larry J. Siegel, B. C. (2008). Juvenile Corrections. In B. C. Larry J. Siegel, Juvenile Delinquency The Core, third pas seul (pp. 336-368). Belmont Thomson Wadsworth.Larry J. Siegel, B. C. (2008). The History and Development of Juvenile legal expert. In B. C. Larry J. Siegel, Juvenile Delinquency The Core, third edition (pp. 259-283). Belmont Thomson Wadsworth.National Orphan Train Complex. (n.d.). Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved January 9, 2011, from National Orphan Train Complex http//www.orphantraindepot.com/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.htmlRoberson, W. S. (2007). Procedures in the Justice System. Upper Saddle River Pearson Prentice Hall.Schmalleger, F. (2007). Criminal Justice Today, ninth edition. Upper Saddle River Pearson Prentice Hall.

Activity-Based Costing ( ABC ) Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Course

Activity Based CostingACTIVITY BASED COSTING AND MANAGEMENT AN OVERVIEWActivity Based Costing ( alphabet) is more relevant than traditional costing in companies, where product mix is diverse in batch sizes, physical sizes, degree or complexity, and raw material characteristics. ABC will also provide more decision handlingful information for the service industry, characterized by diversity in range of services provided. If the products in a plant or services provided posses similar characteristics, wither volume based or an act based cost driver will provide reasonably accurate costs. The strategic goal of ABC is to provide decision useful cost and profitability information for optimal pricing decisions, appropriate product mix, and operable improvements by focusing on activities and cost drivers. (Burch 1994)ABC provides a closer approximation of the cost of product, than that provided by the traditional volume based costing method. The use of ABC in itself will not lead to bet ter profitability centering uses information provided by ABCs to decide the optimal product-mix. The action of the management will lead to improved results.What is ABC ?There are several elements worthy of note. First is that activities happen because an input has triggered them, e.g., an activity such as secure supplies is caused or triggered by a requisition, secondly, we see that resources are consumed by an activity. Resources are the things that an organisation pays for, such as people, machines and equipment and facilities. We can measure the consumption of resources by activity for example, the activity purchase supplies consumes one hour of an employees time per requisition.Activities can be associated with the outputs or cost objects of the organisation examples of a few of the cost objects for service organisations that we nurture worked with include such things as mortgages, chequing accounts, railcar movement from point A to point B, or B to C. Cost objects consume ac tivities in much the same(p) way that activities consume resources consequently, we can measure how much of an activity such as purchase supplies is required by an organisations service output such as engineering training course. The measurement of consumption is called an activity- cost driver. Of significant note here is that different cost objects do consume activities in diffe... ...self kind of than using the cost of the final products only. The cost drivers that trigger the activity are also identified and monitored. These cost drivers may be different from the resource or activity drivers. In addition performance measures are developed and monitored to judge the efficiency at which the activity is being performed. These measures may be financial or non-financial variables such as cost per units of activity driver, defects per million items produced or time taken per unit of item produced. These measures then provide a sound undercoat to the control the performance of the activity with accurate information about the costs involved.ABM has number of benefits to offer. Here, the focus of attention is an activity rather than a department. A department may have a number of activities which if not segregated may diffuse the vision of the managers while making a particular decision. The areas where item benefits have been derived from ABM are followingA. Determination of product/service costs B. Improvements in performance and activities C. Cost cutting and downsizing D. Other applications. design of benefits are high and harmful effects are less.

Activity-Based Costing ( ABC ) Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Course

Activity Based CostingACTIVITY BASED speak to AND MANAGEMENT AN OVERVIEWActivity Based Costing (ABC) is more relevant than traditional costing in companies, where product mix is diverse in batch sizes, tangible sizes, degree or complexity, and raw material characteristics. ABC will also provide more decision useful schooling for the service industry, characterized by variation in range of services provided. If the products in a plant or services provided posses similar characteristics, wither volume ground or an natural action based cost driver will provide reasonably accurate costs. The strategic goal of ABC is to provide decision useful cost and profitability information for optimal pricing decisions, appropriate product mix, and operational improvements by decocting on activities and cost drivers. (Burch 1994)ABC provides a closer approximation of the cost of product, than that provided by the traditional volume based costing method. The use of ABC in itself will not lead to better profitability management uses information provided by ABCs to decide the optimal product-mix. The action of the management will lead to improved results.What is ABC ?There are several elements worthy of note. First is that activities pass along because an input has triggered them, e.g., an activity such as purchase supplies is caused or triggered by a requisition, secondly, we see that resources are consumed by an activity. Resources are the things that an presidency pays for, such as people, machines and equipment and facilities. We can measure the consumption of resources by activity for example, the activity purchase supplies consumes one hour of an employees time per requisition.Activities can be associated with the outputs or cost objects of the organisation examples of a few of the cost objects for service organisations that we have worked with include such things as mortgages, chequing accounts, railcar movement from point A to point B, or B to C. Cost objects con sume activities in much the same way that activities consume resources consequently, we can measure how much of an activity such as purchase supplies is necessary by an organisations service output such as engineering training course. The measurement of consumption is called an activity- cost driver. Of significant note here is that divergent cost objects do consume activities in diffe... ...self rather than using the cost of the final products only. The cost drivers that trigger the activity are also identified and monitored. These cost drivers may be different from the resource or activity drivers. In addition executing measures are developed and monitored to judge the efficiency at which the activity is being performed. These measures may be financial or non-financial variables such as cost per units of activity driver, defects per million spots produced or time taken per unit of item produced. These measures then provide a sound basis to the control the performance of the activity with accurate information about the costs involved.ABM has number of benefits to offer. Here, the focus of attention is an activity rather than a department. A department may have a number of activities which if not segregated may diffuse the imagination of the managers while making a particular decision. The areas where specific benefits have been derived from ABM are followingA. Determination of product/service costs B. Improvements in performance and activities C. Cost cutting and downsizing D. Other applications. Number of benefits are high and harmful effects are less.

Disater Management Essay

Disaster Resistant Construction Practices Introduction Disaster Resistant construction practices are as important as disaster resistant structrual designs. Infact the methodology for construction also should be designed for disaster resistance. We should have proper implemenation of the structural details so as to permit the structure behave as envisiged. The quality and methodology of construction is equally important. For example we use cover blocks. If the cover blocks are not cast justly in good quality concrete then they facilitate concrete deterioration.Ultimately this affects durability and serviceablity of the structure. The Durability and serviceablity are the key elements of any structure. Ensuring Quality in construction will enable achieving durability and serviceablity as a desired end result. Openings too close to corners Too high and long walls Use of carving Lintels Usually a building comprises of 1. Walls 2. Openings 3. Foundation 4. Plinth 5. Beams/Columns 6. Roo f / Slabs Deficient Bond at corners Parts of a Building Differential settlement ascribable to soft soil.

Factors Affecting Solubility

thither ar three main factors that control solvability of a solute. (1) Temperature (2) Nature of solute or response (3) Pressure EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE Generally in many subjects solubility increases with the rise in temperature and decreases with the fall of temperature but it is not necessary in all cases. However we must follow two behaviours In endothermic process, solubility increases with the increase in temperature and vice versa. For example solubility of potassium nitrate increases with the increase in temperature. In exothermic process, solubility decrease with the increase in temperature.For example solubility of calcium oxide decreases with the increase in temperature. Gases are more(prenominal) soluble in cold solvent than in hot solvent. NATURE OF SOLUTE AND SOLVENT Solubility of a solute in a solvent purely depends on the nature of both solute and solvent. A polar solute dissolved in polar solvent. Solubility of a non-polar solute in a solvent is large. A polar s olute has low solubility or insoluble in a non-polar solvent. EFFECT OF PRESSURE The effect of extort is observed only in the case of gases. An increase in cart increases of solubility of a gas in a liquid.For example carbon dioxide is filled in cold drink bottles (such as coca cola, Pepsi 7up etc. ) under mechanical press. Properties of Solution Concentration The density of a root is the measure of how much solute and solvent there is. A effect is voiceless if it contains a large mensuration of solute, or dilute if contains a modest amount. yard Molarity is the number of moles of solute per litre of source. It is abbreviated with the symbol M, and is roundtimes utilise as a unit of measurement, e. g. a 0. 3 molar solution of HCl. In that example, there would be 3 moles of HCl for any 10 litres of water system (or whatsoever the solvent as). Molality Molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. It is abbreviated with the symbol m (lowercase), and is almosttimes utilise as a unit of measurement, e. g. a 0. 3 molal solution of HBr. In that example, there would be 3 moles of HBr for every 10 kilograms of water (or whatever the solvent was). Mole Fraction The mole disunite is simply the moles of solute per moles of solution. As an example, you dissolve wizard mole of NaCl into three moles of water. Remember that the NaCl entrust dissociate into its ions, so there are now five moles of particles one mole Na+, one mole Cl-, and three moles water.The mole figure of sodium is 0. 2, the mole fraction of chloride is 0. 2, and the mole fraction of water is 0. 6. The mole fraction is symbolized with the Greek letter (chi), which is often written simply as an X. Dilution Dilution is adding solvent to a solution to obtain a less concentrated solution. Perhaps you get used dilution when running a lemonade stand. To cut costs, you could take a half-full jug of rich, concentrated lemonade and fill it up with water. The resulting solut ion would take the same total amount of sugar and lemon juice, but simulacrum the total wad. Its flavour would be weaker due to the added water.The key concept is that the amount of solute is constant before and after the dilution process. The concentration is decreased (and volume increased) only by adding solvent. Thus, the number of moles of solute before and after dilution are equal. moles1 = moles2 By definition of molarity, you can find the moles of solvent. M x V = moles Substituting the second equation into the first gives the dilution equation. M1 x V1 = M2 x V2 To adjust the amount of solvent (usually water) that must be added, you must see the initial volume and concentration, and the desired concentration.Solving for V2 in the above equation will give you the total volume of the diluted solution. Subtracting the initial volume from the total volume will determine the amount of pure solvent that must be added. Ionic Solutes When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the y separate into ions. This process is called dissociation. Note that be acquire of dissociation, there are more moles of particles in the solution containing ions than there would be with the solute and solvent separated. If you soak up two glasses of water, and you dissolve salt into one and sugar into the other, there will be a big difference in concentration.The salt will dissociate into its ions, but sugar (a molecule) will not dissociate. If the salt were NaCl, the concentration would be double that of the sugar. If the salt were MgCl2, the concentration would be triple (there are three ions). Solubility Rules Not all ionic compounds are soluble. Some ionic compounds have so much attractive force between their anions and cations that they will not dissociate. These substances are insoluble and will not dissolve. Instead, they clump together as a unfaltering in the bottom of solution. Many ionic compounds, however, will dissociate in water and dissolve.In these cases, the attr active force between ion and water is greater than that between cation and anion. There are several rules to help you determine which compounds will dissolve and which will not. Solubility Rules 1. All compounds with Group 1 ions or ammonium ions are soluble. 2. Nitrates, acetates, and chlorates are soluble. 3. Compounds containing a halogen are soluble, except those with fluorine, silver, or mercury. If they have lead, they are soluble only in hot water. 4. Sulfates are soluble, except when combined with silver, lead, calcium, barium, or strontium. . Carbonates, sulfides, oxides, silicates, and phosphates are insoluble, except for rule 1. 6. Hydroxides are insoluble except when combined with calcium, barium, strontium, or rule 1. Sometimes, when two different ionic compounds are dissolved, they react, resileing a precipitate that is insoluble. Predicting these reactions requires acquaintance of the activity series and solubility rules. These reactions can be written with all ions , or without the spectator ions (the ion that dont react, introduce on both sides of the reaction), a format cognise as the net ionic equation.For example, silver nitrate is soluble, but silver chloride is not soluble (see the above rules). Mixing silver nitrate into sodium chloride would cause a cloudy white precipitate to form. This happens because of a double replacement reaction. Electrolytes When solutes dissociate (or if a molecule ionizes), the solution can conduct electricity. Compounds that readily form ions, thus being good conductors, are known as strong electrolytes. If only a small amount of ions are formed, electricity is poorly conducted, content the compound is a weak electrolyte.A strong electrolyte will dissolve completely. All ions dissociate. A weak electrolyte, on the other hand, will partially dissociate, but some ions will remain bonded together. Colligative Properties Some properties are the same for all solute particles regardless of what kind. These are known as the colligative properties. These properties apply to ideal solutions, so in reality, the properties may not be exactly as calculated. In an ideal solution, there are no forces acting between the solute particles, which is generally not the case. Vapor PressureAll liquids have a tendency for their surface molecules to escape and e drying upate, even if the liquid is not at its boiling sign. This is because the average energy of the molecules is too small for e dehydrationation, but some molecules could gain above average energy and escape. Vapor pressure is the measure of the pressure of the evaporated vapor, and it depends on the temperature of the solution and the quantities of solute. More solute will decrease vapor pressure. The vapor pressure is presumptuousness by Rauolts Law, where X is the mole fraction of the solvent.Notice that the vapor pressure equals that of the pure solvent when there is no solute (X = 1). If X = 0, there would be no vapor pressure at all. This could only happen if there were no solvent, only solute. A solid solute has no vapor pressure. P solution = P pure solvent (X solvent) If two volatile substances (both have vapor pressures) are in solution, Rauolts Law is still used. In this case, Rauolts Law is essentially a linear combination of the vapor pressures of the substances. Two liquids in solution both have vapor pressures, so this equation must be used. P solution = P1 (X1) + P2(X2)The second equation shows the relationship between the solvents. If two liquids were mixed exactly half-and-half, the vapor pressure of the resulting solution would be exactly halfway between the vapor pressures of the two solvents. Another relation in Henrys Law, which shows the relationship between gas and pressure. It is granted by Cg = k Pg , where C is concentration and P is pressure. As the pressure goes up, the concentration of gas in solution must also increase. This is why soda cans release gas when they are opened The decreas e in pressure results in a decrease in concentration of CO2 in the soda. boil Point Elevation A liquid reaches its boiling point when its vapor pressure is equal to the atmosphere around it. Because the presence of solute lowers the vapor pressure, the boiling point is raised. The boiling point increase is given by ?T solution = Kb X m solution The reduced vapor pressure increases the boiling point of the liquid only if the solute itself is non-volatile, meaning it doesnt have a tendency to evaporate. For every mole of non-volatile solute per kilogram of solvent, the boiling point increases by a constant amount, known as the molal boiling-point constant (Kb).Because this is a colligative property, K2 is not affected by the kind of solute. Freezing Point Depression A liquid reaches its frost temperature when its vapor pressure is equal to that of its solid form. Because the presence of the solute lowers the vapor pressure, the freezing point is lowered. The freezing point depression is given by ? T solution = K f X m solute Again, this equation works only for non-volatile solutes. The temperature of the freezing point decreases by a constant amount for every one mole of solute added per kilogram solvent. This constant (K f) is known as the molar freezing-point constant.Osmosis If you studied biology, you would know that osmosis is the movement of water through a membrane. If two solutions of different molarity are placed on opposite sides of a semipermiable membrane, then water will travel through the membrane to the side with higher molarity. This happens because the water molecules are attached to the solvent molecules, so they cannot travel through the membrane. As a result, the water on the side with lower molarity can more easily travel through the membrane than the water on the other side. The pressure of this osmosis is given in the equation. ? = MRTWhere pi is the pressure, M is molarity, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin. Electrolyt es and Colligative Properties When one mole of table salt is added to water, the colligative effects are double those that would have occurred if sugar were added instead. This is because the salt dissociates, forming twice as many particles as sugar would. This dissociation, called the Vant Hoff Factor describes how many particles that are dissociated into the solution and must be multiplied into the Boiling Point Elevation or Vapor Pressure Lowering equations. Different ways of expressing the concentration of solutionsMass Percentage The mass percentage of a component in a given solution is the mass of the component per 100g of the solution. For e. g. , if WA is the mass of the component A, WB is the mass of the component B in a solution. Then, poser A 10% solution of sodium chloride in water (by mass) means that 10g of sodium chloride are award in 100g of the solution. Volume percentage This unit is used in case of a liquid dissolved in another liquid. The volume percentage is defined as the volume of the solute per 100 parts by volume of solution. For e. g. , If VA is the volume of component A present is Vsol volume of the solution.Then, For e. g. , a 10% solution of ethanol C2H5OH, in water (by volume) means that 10cm3 of ethanol is present in 100cm3 of the solution. Strength of a solution is defined as the amount of the solute in gms, present in one litre of the solution. It is expressed as gL-1. Mathematically, Molarity Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per litre of solution. Mathematically, For e. g. , If a is the weight of the solute (in gms) present in VCC volume of the solution. Then, Molarity is expressed by the symbol M. It can also be expressed as, NormalityNormality of a solution is defined as the number of gram equivalents (gm. e) of a solute dissolved per litre of the given solution. Mathematically it is, For e. g. , If a is the weight of the solute (in gms) present in VCC volume of the solution. Th en, Normality is expressed by the symbol N. It can also be expressed as, relationship between molarity and normality The molarity and normality of a solution is related to each other as follows Molality Molality of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1000g of a solvent. Mathematically, it is expressed as Molality is expressed by the symbol m.Molality does not change with temperature. formalness In case of ionic compounds like KCl, CaCO3 etc. Formality is used in place of molarity. It is the number of gram formula masses of solute dissolved per litre of the solution. It is de celebrated by the symbol F. Mathematically it is given as, Mole Fraction It is the ratio of number of moles of one component (solute or solvent) to the total number of moles of all the components (solute and solvent) present in the solution. It is denoted by the symbol X. Let us suppose that a solution contains two components A and B and suppose that nA moles of A and nB moles of B are present in the solution then,Adding eq (i) and (ii) we get XA + XB = 1 Parts per million (ppm) When a solute is present in very small amounts, its concentration is expressed in parts per million. It is defined as the amount of the solute present in one million parts of the solution. It may be noted that the concentration units like molarity, mole fraction etc. are preferred as they train the weight of the solute and solvent, which is independent of the temperature. But units like, molarity, normality etc. , involve volume of the solution, hence changes with temperature.

Commercial Transactions (Contracts) Essay

AbstractThis weeks individual project will be in the form of an executive summary. The summary will be based on a series of questions concerning 1) the city of Bigtowns advertising campaign (courtesy of the mayor), 2) viable similarities of this promotion to a court decision and 3) possible repercussions that could be encountered if not executed with caution. The court decision concerning John D.R. Leonard vs. PepsiCo is the basis of my summary. My conclusion will be an alternative suggestion to be decided on by Bigtowns counsel.Unit 3 Commercial Transactions (Contracts)Although Bigtown has devised creative advertising campaigns, our recent efforts to take in tourism cave in been unsuccessful. I am moved to address our current proposal to auction our fine city of Bigtown on eBay. Although this is sure to turn the heads of most(prenominal) WebCrawlers our intentions are strictly fictitious (and should be displayed as such). Minimizing the potential of a frequent eBay aucti unmat cheder taking this mock advertisement seriously smacks of the Pepsistuff/ harrier jet incident that took place in 1996. If not for the ruling in1999 for reasons stated below, PepsiCo would have been the brunt of the deal of the century advertising to sell a 23 million dollar organisation-owned fighter jet for a mere 7 hundred thousand dollars.(1)Some of the reasons the deal was not finalized was the attempt was not valid. The debaseer desired to buy the fighter jet and made an offer to PepsiCo. PepsiCo did not accept the offer (for obvious reasons) whereas the agreement is not mutual. When the vendee (John D.R. Leonard) did not see the Harrier atomic number 19 he desired on the ordering form to purchase the so-called Pepsistuff, this presents itself of not being a bargaining item, which means considering it is not valid.Being that the buyer did not consider the obvious humor PepsiCo was presenting in this advertisement leads one to think of the buyers capacity to reason sensib ly. Which brings me to the final reason the contract was hamper a Harrier Jet (much like Bigtown) is property of the U.S. government, property that is not considered a lawful object to be sold commercially, or in our case, in a web-based auction. These are the four elements that made this contract invalid (Cheeseman, 2006).(2)Lets look closer at the case of PepsiCo and our proposed business suggestion. A low-keyed drink company (though very large and quite successful) not affiliated with the United States Marine Corp in any way (except maybe to egress our troops with refreshing beverages) is giving away a fighter jet in a promotion a promotion that would sell the jet for 3.04% of the government paid for it.Surely, this is an offer made in jest the way the jet is presented in the commercial along with the seven million Pepsi points to be considered. No one with a sane sense of reason would consider this to be factual, which puts the contract void under the objective theory (Cheese man, 2006).(3)Other reasons the court found the Pepsi agreement invalid * The advertisement was not specific beyond the shadow of a doubt of the ways and means to obtain the item in question (if it were, that would be the exclusion to the rule). * The obvious limitation of the offer was not stated in the advertisement (how many of these jets could PepsiCo possibly have to offer?) * In the commercial, a student travelled to school in the Harrier jet. This premise alone makes the offer fantasy (PDF, 1997).(4)Advertisement are not offers, they are more like invitations. Think of our city of Bigtown as a bakery the smell of fresh breads and pastries being blown on the street by an exhaust fan would surly attract the passersby. However, once they watch where the heavenly scents are coming from is where the offers begin. The advertisement is use to attract the customer by law, it does not have to do anything with what is being offered.Once the invitation is accepted, then the negations sewer begin (think of the sports cars with the blonde buxom bikini model where are they when you by the sports car?). (5)If this were in fact a reward contract (unilateral), in that location would have been 1) some sort of promise that PepsiCo would have agreed to satisfy, such as promising to exchange the Harrier jet for the 7 hundred thousand dollars (which there was not) and 2) The conditions of his transaction were based on a loophole that the buyer concocted.The seller (PepsiCo) has to make the offer, accept the conditions, and commit to oblige the buyers repairment. This never took place afterwards John Leonard proposal with check and order form. Unilateral only requires that one side make a promise to (If you do this, I promise to stand you _____). In this instance a contract was never finalized, so the offer never existed (void contract). In a bilateral situation (I promise to pay me_____, I promise to give you____), the contract would have been valid. Unfortunately, th is was also not the case both sides would have had to agree (Wikipedia, 2010).In conclusion, it is obvious to see that if we are to consider this whole Bigtown on eBay campaign, the necessary measures to be implemented alerting the general public this is strictly humorous and should be taken in jest. Boosting the tourer of Bigtown is an issue that demands the corporation of our whole city council. Hopefully, the examples and suggestions given above will help us to avoid any legal entanglement. (Cheeseman, 2006)ReferencesCheeseman, H. (2006). Contemporary business and online job law, fifth edition. Prentice Hall. Chapter 8 Nature of traditional and online contracts. Pgs. 171-179. Retrieved on February 26, 2010 from https//mycampus.aiu-online.com/controls/eBookFileServer.ashx?id=171 Contract (2010). Bilateral vs. Unilateral. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved on February 26, 2010 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract John D.R. Leonard v PepsiCo Inc. (1997). Enforcing pr omises (PDF). Retrieved on February 27, 2010 from http//www.law.gmu.edu/assets/files/academics/agenda/2009/fall/ZYWICKI_ContractsI-Handout.pdf

Gender Roles in United States Essay

Gender role can be defined as number of professed personality trait and manners observed by males or females in a given society. Different culture imposes a different set of expectations on men and women (faqs, n.d). Every culture has a different number of norms that they subprogram to differentiate a perfect male or female with an imperfect one.Who sets these gender roles? What if one is unable to be the perfect male / female? Is it refine to restrict people to grow out of the perceived roles into something that is entirely opposite? Why is it assumed that a female will stay home to duck and clean while a man will be the sole bread earner of the house? An extensive debate has been going on for days regarding this topic.Looking around us a commercial selling razor blade will show a man who is rugged and well construct and in a shampoo commercial will have a female who couldnt be any prettier yet she still does the normal things in life. A magazine will always cover a top model a nd not a housewife. Why does media always shows beautiful, perfect physique females and tall, big(a) men, be it an advertisement of food product or a house or any cars?Though over the years, people are being delightful towards deviation in gender roles. Men and women are working together to understand and adjust to the shift occurring in gender roles Women work hand in hand with men to support living, media shows program covering normal people from the streets and both genders of a family are involved in taking major decisions.This transport will defiantly result in better environment at workplaces, better atmosphere at homes, better standards of living for the young generation and an publicise of equality will amongst the upcoming generation.ReferencesFaqs. Gender Roles (Internet), www.faqs.org (Accessed on January 11, 2009) http//www.faqs.org/health/topics/8/Gender-roles.html

Language is a system of differences without positive terms Essay

Ferdinand de de Saussure was the first structural linguist to reorient the study of linguals and to take as an object of study the summary of an arbitrary order of attri barelyes and their correlation with deli genuinely. The arbitrariness of the sign is pervasive and is visible(a) in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between the soma and the signified and a sign can be analyzed without its semantic context. This placed the sign within a formation of differential dealinghips between signs and terminology.thereby it became possible to study the basic elements of a language frame as arrangements of contrasts and oppositions and arrive at differences with no positive scathe. Saussure says a linguistic sign exists only by virtue of its opposition to other signs just as coins draw values only within a particular carcass of coinage, and the identity of trains is only in terms of a particular railway system, so the links established between significants and signif ies exist only through the system of oppositions by which, literally, that particular language is formed. The conclusion is stark and radical. thereof, in a language system there be only differences with no positive terms (Saussure 972).In order to arrive at an understanding of the differences with no positive terms Saussure divides language into two components. The first component is Langue which is an abstract system of language that has been internalized by a speech community. The second component is parole or the act of speaking or practice of language. While Parole is be of heterogeneous, unrelated and differing elements, language is homogeneous union of concept and sound image or the signified and the bodily body (both psycho limpid).This nonion of Lang has challenged translators of the text in English. There befuddle also been a progeny of debates on the status of this term. There have been questions as to whether this refers to a mental entitya sort of platonic idea or merely designates a methodological concept, an abstraction that is a part of a heuristic strategy. The issue has been, and remains, the articulation of the twin notions of langue and parole, the latter(prenominal) being no slight difficult to translate into English than the former.Some have opted for an ontological distinction on the model of the philosophical tradition that opposes essence and existence or accidents others have reduced the difference to the pragmatic necessity of evaluating instances of languaging with respect to the opposite poles of a continuum going from the normative, idealized representation of a language to the open-ended actual utterances that are usually observed in verbal interactions. That Saussure himself was not entirely satisfied with these correlate notions of langue and parole seems obvious from his numerous attempts to specify the distinction (Bouissac 6).Saussure contended that language is systematic and it is possible to investigate it using methodology that is used in investigating pure science. Hence, he calls the life of the sign, a science. He names this science semiotics or the science that studies the life of signs within society (Saussure 962).The task of the linguist, in investigating this science is to find out what makes language a special system within the mass of semiological data (Saussure 962) and if we must discover the true nature of language we must learn what it has in greens with all other semiological systems (Saussure 962). Therefore, Saussure feels a need to begin with an understanding of the sign.Saussure offers a dyadic model of a sign in which the build and the signified are two move of a solely. This is a mental model in which a sign must have a mannikin and a signified and the relationship between the twoa signification. Thus the sign itself is im visible (not abstract), as it does not fix the signification of the signified.The linguistic sign unites, not a thing and a name, exclusively a concept and a sound image. The latter is not the material sound, a purely physical thing, but the psychological imprint of the sound, the impression that it makes on our senses (Saussure 963). He further elucidates the point without moving our lips we can talk to ourselves or recite mentally a selection of verse (Saussure 963). Thus the definition of the linguistic sign is a combination of a concept and a sign image and consequently, Saussure proposes to obey the sign signe to designate the whole and to replace concept and sound image respectively by signified signifie and signifier significant (Saussure 963).It logically follows, that the sign has two cardinal principles a) The sign is arbitrary by nature and b) The signifier is linear by nature.The arbitrary nature of the signThe linguistic sign is arbitrary and the consequences of this arbitrariness are infinite. The discovery of the arbitrariness is also not easy and requires many detours before they can be discovered. Howev er, the discovery uncovers the primordial importance of this principle of linguistic signs. This very arbitrariness of the sign makes it ideal for semiological study and it is this principle that makes language the model for all other branches of semiology (Saussure 965).Moving on to examining the arbitrary nature of the linguistic sign, Saussure realized that reducing a sign to a symbol makes it less arbitrary because it creates a bond between the signifier and the signified. The linguistic sign is not arbitrary because there is no natural connection between the two. (Saussure 965). The argument that Onomatopoeia proves that a sign is not always arbitrary is dismissed as echolike formations are never organic elements of the linguistic system (Saussure 965). Interjections too show that there is no fixed bond between the signified and signifier (Saussure 966) and onomatopoetic formations and interjections are of secondary importance and their symbolic origin is in part open to disp ute (Saussure 965).The linear nature of the SignifierThe auditory nature of the signifier implies that it has a span and the span is measurable in a single dimension it is a line (Saussure 966). This principle, fit in to Saussure is very important because the whole mechanism of language depends on it (Saussure 966). Auditory signifiers command the dimension of time and their elements are presented in succession they form a chain (Saussure 966). This linearity is visible in writing where the spatial line of graphic marks is substituted for succession in time (Saussure 966).Having said this, Saussure moves on to consider language in terms of an organized system of pure values consisting of ideas and sound in order to arrive at the differences without positive terms.Linguistic Value nomenclature as organized thought coupled with soundIn examining language as organized thought and sound, Saussure finds that there are no preexisting ideas, and nothing is distinct before the appearance of language (Saussure 967). Moreover phonic substance is neither more fixed nor more rigid than thought it is not a mold into which thought must of necessity fit but a plastic substance divided in turn into distinct parts to furnish the signifiers needed by thought (Saussure 967). Therefore, language forms a link between thought and sound under conditions that bring about the reciprocal delimitations of units (Saussure 967) and becomes an articulus in which an idea is fixed in a sound and a sound becomes the sign of an idea (Saussure 967).It follows that the signifier and the signified are intimately connected. The two cannot be separated just as two side of a paper cannot be separated. Thought is one side of the sheet and sound the reverse side. scarce as it is impossible to take a pair of scissors and cut one side of paper without at the same time cutting the other, so it is impossible in the language to isolate the sound from thought, or thought up from sound. (Saussure 967).Ne vertheless, the combination produces a form, not a substance (Saussure 967) because it remains tout ensemble arbitrary. It is this arbitrariness that makes it possible to create a linguistic system. However, Saussure warns that it must not be assumed that it is possible to construct the system from the parts but the parts can be obtained from the whole by a process of analysis (Saussure 968).Linguistic Value Conceptual View pointThe next logical question that occurs to Saussure is How does value differ from signification? He concludes that, while conceptually signification is an element of value, it is not the same as value. It is in concomitant distinct from it. This is because language is a system of interdependent terms in which the value of from each one term results solely from the simultaneous presence of others (Saussure 969). Initially a concept is nothing is only a value determined by its relations with other analogous values, that without them the signification would not exist (Saussure 971). To better esteem the significance of his finding he compares the concepts of value and signification as they exist outside of language. He finds that the same paradoxical principle governs values outside language. determine are composed of a) dissimilar things that can be exchanged for the thing of which the value is to be determined (Saussure 969) like a coin can be exchanged for a fixed value of another thing b) similar things that can be compared with the thing of which the value is to be determined (Saussure 969) such as a two penny coin can be compared to another two penny coin.The value of a word, therefore, is not fixed so dour as one simply states that it can be exchanged for a given concept, i.e. that it has this or that signification one must also compare it with similar values, with other words that stand in opposition to it. Its content is really fixed only by the concurrence of everything that exists outside it. Being part of a system, it is endowed not only with signification but also and specially with a value, and this is something quite different (Saussure 969).Linguistic Value from a Material sales boothDo these relations and differences between the terms of language and their value stand up to the test of linguistic value from the material viewpoint? Saussure thinks so. In his view the most important fact is that the word is not the sound alone but the phonic differences that make it possible to distinguish it from all others, for differences hire signification (Saussure 971). He does not find this surprising because one vocal image is no better suited than the next for what is commissioned to express (Saussure 971). Hence any analysis of a segment of language must be based on the noncoincidence with the rest (Saussure 971) and the arbitrary and differential are two joint qualities of language.The arbitrary and differential qualities of language are validated by the fact that the terms in a language are free to change according to the laws that are unrelated to its signifying function (Saussure 971). For instance no positive sign characterizes the genitive plural in Zen. Still Zena and Zenb function very well even off if they replace the earlier forms of the word.It has value because it is different. This quality of language is also validated by the fact that signs functionnot through their intrinsic value but through their relative position (Saussure 971). This reveals the systematic role of phonic functions. For instance there is similarity in the formation of the words ephen and esten. However, the former is an imperfect and the latter is an aorist.In this context Saussure notes that the sound is a secondary thing to languagea substance that must be put to use in language. The conventional values must not be confused with the tangible elements that support them. The linguistic signifier is incorporeal and is constituted not by its material substance but by the differences that separat e its sound image from all others. This basic principle then applies to all material elements of language. He therefore, concludes that every language forms its words on the basis of a system of sonorous elements, each element being a clearly delimited unit and one of a fixed number of units (Saussure 971)Finally, considering the sign in its totality, Saussure quickly sums up his findings as in language there are only differences (Saussure 972). What are these differences? stolon language has neither ideas nor sounds that existed before the linguistic system, but only conceptual and phonic differences that have issued from the system (Saussure 972). In fact the idea or the phonic substance contained in the sign is of secondary importance as a change in the value of the term does not affect its meaning or its sound solely because a neighboring term has been modified (Saussure 973).Second when we consider a sign in its totality (Signifier / Signified) there are no negative terms. Ther efore a linguistic system is a series of differences of sound combined with a series of differences of ideas and the the pairing of a certain number of acoustical signs with as many cuts made from the mass of thought engenders a system of values (Saussure 973).This system, then serves to link the phonic and psychological elements within each sign (Saussure 973). The combination is a positive fact that language uses to maintain classes of differences. The entire mechanism of language then is based on oppositions of this kind and on the phonic and conceptual differences that they imply (Saussure 973). This can also be applied to units and the characteristics of units can be seen to blend into the units themselves. So difference makes character just as it makes value and the unit (Saussure 973).Syntagmatic and Associative RelationsSince Saussure views language as a something that is based on relationships, he divides relations and differences between linguistic terms into two distinct groups. These groups are associated with two types of mental activity that are essential to the life of language.Within the sermon words acquire relations based on ..linear nature of language because they are chained together (Saussure 974). These are syntagnms. These syntagnms acquire value because they stand in opposition to everything that precedes and follows them (Saussure 974). Outside the discourse words can acquire a different relation. The syntagnms relations are in praesentia in which two or more terms occur in an effective series. Language belongs to syntagnmatic relationships built on regular forms. Associative relations are created by memory of the forms by comparing terms.

Tax and Gearing

W22Extra Tax and Gearing More Questions Multiple Choice 1) Which of the following statements is false? A) In general, the gain to investors from the tax deductibility of interest ante upments is referred to as the interest tax shield. B) The interest tax shield is the additional amount that a firm would have paid in taxes if it did not have leverage. C) Because Corporations pay taxes on their profits after interest payments are deducted, interest expenditures reduce the amount of corporate tax firms must pay. D) As Modigliani and Miller made lite in their original work, capital social organization matters in perfect capital markets.Thus, if capital structure does not matter, then it must stem from a market imperfection. As Modigliani and Miller made clear in their original work, capital structure does not matter in perfect capital markets. Thus, if capital structure matters, then it must stem from a market imperfection. Rosewood Industries has EBIT of $450 meg, interest expens e of $175 cardinal, and a corporate tax rate of 35%. 2) Rosewoods take in income is close-hauled to A) $450 cardinal B) $180 cardinal C) $290 million D) $95 million Net income = (EBIT Interest expense)(1 ?C) = (450 175)(1 . 35) = $178. 75 3) The total of Rosewoods interlock income and interest payments is next to A) $270 million B) $355 million C) $290 million D) $450 million Net income + Interest = (EBIT Interest expense)(1 ? C) = (450 175)(1 . 35) = $178. 75 + $175 = $353. 73 4) If Rosewood had no interest expense, its net income would be enveloping(prenominal) to A) $405 million B) $160 million C) $450 million D) $290 million Net income = (EBIT Interest expense)(1 ? C) = (450 0)(1 . 35) = $292. 50 5) The amount of Rosewoods interest tax shield is closest to A) $115 million B) $290 millionC) $175 million D) $60 million Interest tax shield = Interest expense(? C) = 175(. 35) = $61. 25 Fly by Night Aviation (FBNA) expects to have net profit available for shareho lders next year of ? 24 million and Free Cash Flow of ? 27 million. FBNAs marginal corporate tax rate is 40%. 6) Establish FBNAs EBIT A) ? 43 million B) ? 40 Million C) ? 45 million D) ? 60 million EBIT = NI + Taxes + Interest expense FCF = NI + Interest expense = 27 = 24 + interest expense = 3 (EBIT Interest Expense)(1 0. ) = NI (EBIT 3)(0. 6) = 24 (EBIT 3) = 24/0. 6 = 40 EBIT = 40 + 3 = $43 7) IF FBNA increases leverage so that its interest expense rises by ? 1 million, then the amount its profit for shareholders will change is closest to A) -? 400,000 B) -? 600,000 C) ? 400,000 D) ? 600,000 (EBIT Interest Expense chg IE)(1 0. 4) = NI + chg NI (- chg IE)(0. 6) = chg NI -1m (. 6) = -600,000 Or, -$1m (1 . 4) = -$600,000 8) IF FBNA increases leverage so that its interest expense rises by ? 1 million, then the amount its Free Cash flow will change is closest to A) -? 600,000 B) -? 400,000C) ? 600,000 D) ? 400,000 FCF = NI + Interest expense chg FCF = chg NI + chg Interest expe nse = 600,000 + 1m = +400,000 Or, $1m (0. 4) = $400,000 LCMS Industries has ? 70 million in debt outstanding. The firm will pay only interest on this debt (the debt is perpetual). LCMS marginal tax rate is 35% and the firm pays a rate of 8% interest on its debt. 9) LCMS annual interest tax shield is closest to A) ? 2. 8 million B) ? 2. 0 million C) ? 3. 6 million D) ? 5. 6 million Annual Tax shield= annual debt interest ? C = ? 70M ? 0. 08 ? .35 = 1. 96M 10) take for granted that the risk is the same as the loan, the present value of LCMS interest tax shield is closest to A) ? 45. 5 million B) ? 20. 0 million C) ? 24. 5 million D) ? 35. 0 million PV of Tax shield = debt ? ?C = ? 70M ? .35 = 24. 5M 11) Assuming that the risk of the tax shield is only 6% even though the loan pays 8%, then the present value of LCMS interest tax shield is closest to A) ? 24. 5 million B) ? 18 million C) ? 33. 0 million D) ? $20. 0 million PV of Tax shield = debt ? ?C ? rD / rD2 = $70M ? .35 ? .08/. 0 6 = 32. 67

Making Profits with a Twist †Auntie Anne’s Pretzels

This is a good attitude to have when beginning a argument enterprise, be cause it promotes solid values that the business will be based on, even after it succeeds. It also remembers the people in the community, the customers. A company will run and thrive if customers feel cared about and welcomed to the business. Customers are the livelihood of the business, and its important to care about them in the store, and outside it.However, conflicts whitethorn arise. A business may not have enough money to keep itself going, much less give to the community. A business that suddenly does not give to the community could cause criticism. It can be difficult to make any profit when a decent chunk of money is going to the community. A company may lodge in on more than it can really handle when it promises this. Depending on the size of the community, people may feel they are more involved in the business than they are, resulting in the business not being taken seriously, and possibly failing .4. How do the advantages and disadvantages of franchise compare to other forms of business?A franchise is a wide business for someone who wants to go into business for his/herself, does not have the drive to build a business from scratch (as a franchise company already has a reputation and doesnt need to build one), and wants the financial backing and security that comes with being a part of an already established business. The franchisee has corporate support, materials and recipes (in the expression of a restaurant) provided. The only thing the franchisee needs to do is the day-to-day managing, and making some decisions about what products to carry, pricing, etc.However, this also leads to a lack of freedom. In a traditional start-up business, a person does not have any backing besides his or her own money and possibly reputation as a person in the community. The company is far more likely to fail (franchises usually dont fail). But, the person has the freedom to make any busin ess decision he or she chooses. He or she can take the business in a new direction, offer or stop religious offering any products or services, and do anything at all. There is absolute freedom for a sole proprietorship. A partnership shares the financial risk, and has some limit on freedom (decisions made equally between all partners), but the business doesnt arrive ready made like a franchise does.It in conclusion depends on what experience a person wants to have security in business, or freedom to do as she/he pleases.Works CitedMcHugh, McHugh, and Nickels. Understanding Business. one-seventh edition. New York McGraw-Hill Company, 2004.

Europe between the Wars: Fascism Essay

According to Stanley Payne, the term fascism rooted from the Latin word fasces which delineate parcel of land or union. Yet, these words cannot fully encapsulate nor even define what fascism to a greater extent specifically Italian Fascism is all about. It had been commonly misused as to refer to violence, repression, dictatorship and brutality removing any difference from the impression that were commonly associated with Communism. (p. 3) Seemingly, a clear cut definition of fascism is hard to come up with because it does not grow any seminal text that should incur defined its political, social and economic pursuit in origin with other ideologies.Since this is the case, knowing the history of how the so-called fascist acts and the things they try to emphasize in the words they said, were unquestionable for anyone to have a more relevant understanding of the term or the word fascism. As an ideology, fascism considers the concerns of the various(prenominal) along with those of the society as secondary or inferior to those of the whole state.Primarily, it judgements the state as an constituent(a) living thing that is mythical in a sense due to its belief in a national rebirth in the process of nti-ideological and pragmatic ideology that proclaims itself antimaterialist, antiindividualist, antiliberal, antidemocratic, anti-Marxist, is populist and anticapitalist in tendency, expresses itself aesthetically more than theoretically by direction of a new political style and by myths, rites, and symbols as a lay pietism designed to acculturate, socialize, and integrate the faith of the masses with the goal of creating a new human being (Payne, p. 4) It was believed to be founded by Benito Mussolini as a political movement that espouses authoritarian dictatorship.It does not promote the model of class struggle which makes it different from Marxism it is a revolutionary ideology which seeks to promote the Italian race as part of aggressive nationalism progra ms which was associated or was said to have influenced Germans Nazism. (p. 225) It was believed to have started as an anti-communist group in the leadership of Mussolini, in addition with the anti-socialist sentiments that had flood Italy during the 1920s as a leave alone of the workers upheaval.Mussolinis power doesnt actually come from his own cunningness but was derived from the ineffectualness of the government and the miscalculation made by the Socialist party. (p. 23-35) As the government of his time side with him in order to combat the socialism and the problems that it brought to the government and as the Socialist party remained confident that they would reign Italy, Mussolini have managed to gradually gain popularity, trust and power. (p. 27)Domestically, Mussolinis actions were directed towards the restoration of Italy. He favored militarism and internationalism. He calls for the insularism of the church and the state. There was also a movement which replaced the labo r unions with co-operatives that works archetypely with the government in able to look create plans that would benefit both the workers and the state. (p. 55-67) He legislate laws which were in favor of snobbish ownership and capitalization.His foreign policies include the invasion of Ethiopia and the recognition of Roman Catholicism as the only religion in the state. (p. 55) This had resulted to the Anti-Semitic laws resulting to several other actions that were now being referred as racial discrimination. Seeing that his goals paralleled with those of the Nazi Germans, he had establish an alliance with them.His economic policies involve public works and the imposition of a state police under his party. (p. 25-317) Mussolini started the promotion of imperialism by directing a war with Ethiopia in view that this would redirect the attention and sympathy of the citizens. He had also aided fascist movement in Spain and genuine alliance with Germany. It is during these years that he started to decline in his prominence. (p. 225-317) Violence are viewed by Mussolini as liberating, deaths as a necessary sacrifice and wars as trials that must be overcome in reverence of the state.This is sooner different from the Marxist Communism which according to Payne (p. 355) have qualified violence as an indispensable means to an endwhile gratuitously employing it en masseand almost always preached peace as thinkingl and goal, while massively militarizing their systems in practice. Italian Fascism might not have a consequence value system or an organized history, yet it had managed to influence other nations and it had been successful in eradicating or at least minimizing the Socialist movement that have dominated in the 1920s.It promotes cultural liberalism by promoting capitalism under authoritarianism and nationalism. Although the ideal desire for hegemony and false judgment have led to the downfall of Mussolini, his actions, practices and ideology as whole have prompt ed several leaders into developing strands of political movements that resembles fascist vision and methods. The idea of focusing and putting the needs of the state above any personal needs indeed fix the hearts and minds of most citizens and has so far work even in the expense of many lives. (p. 355-358)

How Cell Phones Work Essay

Cell promises are very fire Have you ever wondered how a cell cry works? Well we have. Cell mobilizes have changed a lot since 1984. The first cell cry that came turn up was called the Dyna TAC8000X. (top left) It weighed 2 pounds The brick only offered a half-hour of talk time for every charge. You could get this amazing doohickey for $3,994 The man who invented this phone is Ruby Knopp. (top left) He also invented the newer modern Motorola Razor. (top middle) Some of the new cell phones picture an incredible amount of functions, like store contact information, make tasks or to-do lists, keep pencil lead of appointments and set reminders, go for the built-in calculator for simple math, bill and receive e-mails, internet, play games, watch TV, send and receive text messages, integrate other devices such as PDAs, MP3 players, and GPS receivers. One of the most interesting things about a cell phone is that it is actually a radio, an extremely sophisticated radio. The man wh o invented the telecommunicate was Alexander Graham Bell (top right) in 1876. Wireless communication can trace its roots to the instauration of the radio by Nikolai Telsa in the 1880s.When these two great technologies are combined it made the cell phone. heap who needed mobile-communication devices had radio telephones in their cars. In the radio-telephone systems, there was one central antenna tower per city, and maybe 25 channels available on the tower. In your car you needed a powerful transmitter. non everyone could have a radio telephone be give birth there were only 25 channels available per city. to each one cell phone has a cellular system. A cellular system is a division of a city into small cells. Each cell has a base station that consists of a tower and a small building containing the radio equipment this allows widespread frequency reuse across a city, so that millions of sight can use cell phones all at once. Each cell is typically sized at and covers about a 10 square miles radius. There is a requirement to have large second of base stations in a city of any size to make cell phone use function conveniently.A typical city can have hundreds of towers placed in trusted regions to cover most of the areas completely. Central offices called the Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO) pass aprospicientles all of the phone connections to the normal-based phone system, and guarantees all of the base stations in the region. Each carrier in each city runs a MTSO. All call phones have codes related to them. The codes are used to identify the phones owner, phone, and the service provider that they use. When a person first turns on their phone it listens for a System Identification Code (SID) on the control panel. A SID is a rummy 5-digit number that is assigned to each carrier by the FCC. This is a unique frequency that the phone is based on. When you receive or make a call first, your cell phone radios the nearest tower. Next, a wire or fiber o ptic line carries the call down to the wireless access point connected to a multi-port switch. Then the call (along with many others) gets routed to a fanny drop back usually down to an underground wire T1 or T3 line, but sometimes back up the mast to a powerful line-of-sight wireless microwave antenna (typically only used either when there isnt a ground connection, or when the ground connection is poor.)The incoming call or data comes back from the back haul and up through the switch to the antenna, where it then hits your phone. If you are moving, then there is a hand off a new but more or less identical cell target transmits the data to your phone, once your phone check in. The benefits of having a cell phone is you can have long distance phone calls anywhere you are as long as you are in rang of a tower. Cell phones are great for emergencies. They have 911 panic buttons and GPS locations to find someone that is missing and has a GPS locator on their cell phone. Also if yo ur in a panic and cant get your phone to display case 911, most phones have a 911 panic button and it will call for help. For business people, the advantages are perpetual because cell phones have internet. Also being able to contact associates and clients is important in all situations. grievous issues can be solved at anytime, regardless of time zones and locations. Also cell phones can be used as legal evidence standards. Cell phones and their records have been used in court live as evidence, and are also used be law enforcement officers and investigators for recording and evidence. The disadvantages of having a cell phone is they cost a lot. They can range from $40 to over $300. You can also have extra costs for apps, music, games, and many more things. The only way of getting out of your cell phone propose is to pay a termination fee of &150 or more. Cell phones can be with child(p) distractions. They can ring during a movie, music concerts, plays and other areas where si lence is required.Also during operate, because cell phone use while driving has caused so many accidents that five states had banned calls while driving and 12 states had forbidden text messaging while driving. 21 States had prohibited any use of cell phones while driving (except for emergencies) including Washington state. Cell phones can also have lack of privacy because cell phones provide no audio feedback through the ear piece. Some people talk much louder with cell phones then they do on land lines. This exposes the people around them to their conversations. Cell phones emit low levels of RF (radio frequency) radiation. Large amounts of this push button can heat and damage tissue, especially around the eyes and testicles, which do not have full blood flow to carry away such heat. This is also concern that cell phones might cause cancer, headaches, sleeping problems, and memory loss.Brian, Marshall. How Cell Phones Work. HowStuffWorks Learn How Everything Works 2011. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. .Cell Phone and Wireless function Planing Guide. Cell Phone and Wireless Service PlanBuying Guide.2010. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. .Disadvantages of Cell Phones. EHow How To Do fairish About Everything How To Videos &Articles. 14 Apr. 2010. Web. 27 Jan. 2011..How Cell Phones Work. Cell Phones. 2008. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. .

Meaning of life †United Kingdom Essay

1. How does Pontiac represent the meaning of freedom?In his notion freedom meant getting rid of the English who had conquered the French and had gained more(prenominal) control over the Indians lands than ever. He believed they had to contradict the English and pushed them out of their ancestors lands. As he said Although you pass conquered the French, you have not yet conquered us We are not your slaves. These lake, these woods and mountains, were left to us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance and we will part with them to none.2. What elements of Indian life does Neolin criticize most strongly? He criticized Pontiac for using European technology, doing fur trade with the Whites, using their cloths and consuming alcohol instead of involutioning against the English which he called them the dogs who dressed red and surrendering himself to them. He argued that he (Pontiac) should clothe himself in skins and use the bows and arrows and his tradition to fight back against th eir enemies. 3. How does this scroll relate to and inform the related part of the Chapter in the main text?This document discusses on how Pontiac started his journey to meet with Delaware religious prophet Neolin and on how Neolin guided Pontiac on how he should fight back in opposed to the English by getting back to his tradition that he transmittable from his ancestors. 4. What impact did the primary source had on your understanding and beliefs? It was very interesting to see how much Indians cared active spiritual beliefs and how strong their viewpoint were when it comes to their traditional faith. Even though, the English had believed they were faithless and savages, but the truth was they were beneficial of spiritual thoughts.

Judaism, Christianity, Islam Essay

The three oldest religions argon Judaism, saviorianity and Islam. Judaism is a cardinal of the oldest religions known to people. Judaism is a monotheistic religion, which means that Jewish people implore to solitary(prenominal) one g-d. There werent too legion(predicate) religions like this when it originated which made Judaism very unique at the time. Moses was one of the most famous Jewish prophets. He led the Jewish people out of slavery, led them to Mount Sinai and received the Ten Commandments, a organise of rules that people even to mean solar day still follow. The Jews have many customs and traditions.Among them are circumcision, bar or bat mitzvah, special rituals and prayers to be said during a spousal and during final st geezerhood and mourning. Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin of the penis. The rite of circumcision is one of the most ancient practices of Judaism. Circumcision is done because of a Commandment by God to Abraham as it is compose in the Tor ah and as a sign of commitment of Jewish people.The Torah is Judaisms most important text. It contains the five Books of Moses and is the source of the Ten Commandments. Bar or Bat mitzvah is when a child reaches the succession of maturity, 13 for boys, and 12 for girls, and is ready to become an adult their community. At that age, a child becomes responsible for his actions and is obligated to key the commandments. This ceremony is incorporated into an ordinary Sabbath service. During a Jewish wedding, the bride and groom get married under a special cloth c tout ensembleed a chuppah or special canopy. Anformer(a) tradition that is followed during a Jewish wedding is the breaking of a small glass at the end of the ceremony.This is to symbolize that even though this is a happy event, people should still remember the hardships that were faced before the Jewish people got to that place in time. During death and mourning, a Jewish family will sit shiva which is sitting in mourning fo r cardinal days after the death of a loved one. Some other customs are vesture a kippah on the head in a synagogue or wearing a tallit, a prayer shawl, art object praying. Christianity is one of the worlds major monotheistic religions. Christianity takes the printings and practices very seriously. The central realize in Christianity is deliveryman Christ.As the Son of God, he came to earth to teach about love and fellowship. He represents the mortal that all Christians must strive to be. Christians entrust that he is the only one that ever lived on earth that can be called perfect from all worldly sins. The important thing to gain was that Jesus was God. He was here on earth to teach of Gods plan for all of dwellence and to save the people of the world from their transgressions. In Christianity, God is almighty and rules over all of heaven and earth. He is the one that created the earth and one day will cast judgment over the entire earth.Christians understand that throug h Jesus Christ, people can be saved from this judgment. By believing that Jesus Christ is Lord and Savior, the Spirit of God is exists in all believers, and that God is almighty in power. A person can be saved from this judgment. Christians believe in heaven and hell. Heaven is the place where believers would enjoy the strawman of God and other believers and freedom from suffering and sin. Hell is where unbelievers and sinners are punished for their sins committed during the course of their lives. Baptism is one of the most important sacraments in Christianity.It involves application of or immersion in water, a blessing, and the pronouncement, I baptise you in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Most Christian churches baptize both infants and adults, moreover some believe that baptism is only rightly performed on adults. Views of baptism vary, but common views of the rituals include it grants or symbolizes salvation, commemorates Christs death and resurrection , fulfills the command of Jesus to baptize, cleanses away sins, confers grace, and publicly expresses ones faith.Christianity excessively teaches about the importance of be Holy Mass. Its important for Christians to keep their Sabbath according to the commandments. It is observed on the seventh day which usually falls on a Sunday or Saturday and is considered a weekly day of rest from work. The day is spent abstemiousness and praying and attending Holy Mass. At Mass, followers are taught about the teachings in the account book through scripture readings. The jubilation of Mass would conclude with the sharing of communion.Communion represents the Passover that Jesus celebrated with his 12 disciples on the eve of His death. It is an integral part of Christian worship. It causes Christians to remember the Lords death and resurrection and to sort for His glorious return in the future. Holidays, cattle farms and fasts are a significant part of Christian religious practice. The f east days celebrate joyous and sorrowful historical events such as the birth, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, while the fast days provide a special opportunity to focus on self-reflection, self-discipline and repentance.Christmas is the celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ. Lent starts on Ash Wednesday and it runs for forty days. During the forty days Christians fast and pray which represents the forty days Jesus spent in the wilderness fasting and praying. Lent is followed by east wind which represents the return of Jesus from the wilderness. Easter starts from Palm Sunday. His death and resurrection is observed during Easter. Special Services are unplowed in the church during this week and ends with Easter Sunday, the day that Jesus rose from the dead.Islam is a simple and functional religion. It has established, clear, and easily understandable beliefs and laws that any follower or student of the religion can easily understand. Islam affirms belief in a decent, civil ized society. Islam also does not demand impossible goodness of its followers, but it recognizes that all human beings make mistakes and sin. No one is exempt. Islam preaches peace, mercy, justice, tolerance, equality, love, truth, forgiveness, patience, morality, sincerity and righteousness.Islam is the religion that preaches the integrity of God, the Oneness of mankind and the Oneness of the Message. Muslims believe that thither is only one supreme God, Allah. In Islam to believe in Allah is not only to believe in Allahs existence but also to believe in all Allahs attributions, to worship Allah alone, and to obey all Allahs commands. Islam teaches about the five pillars Shahada, Salah, Seyam, Zakat and Hajj. Shahada is the verbal commitment and pledge that there is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.It is the duty of every Muslim, male and female, after reaching the age of puberty, to perform five Salats or prayers at specific generation during the day and night. These five specific times are Dawn, Noon, Afternoon, Sunset, and Night. A ritual called Wudu, which is the cleaning several parts of the body with water, is a prerequisite to Salat. abstain during the month of Ramadan, the ninth month of the lunar calendar, is from sun up to sun down only and is an stipulation on every healthy adult Muslim, male or female.Fasting is total abstinence from eating, drinking, smoking, chewing gum chewing, intimate relations, and taking anything into the body. If a person is ill and needs to take medication, he/she cannot fast. Fasting is also a time to discipline ones self from bad behaviors, such as logical argument and saying mean things. Those who are ill or unable to fast for health or reasons of age are exempt from fasting. However, they should feel the poor one meal for every day they miss of fasting. Women who are pregnant, menstruating, or nursing, or any who are traveling, are also exempt from fasting.However, when their situation c hanges, they make up the days of fasting or feed the poor one meal for each day of fasting they missed. Zakat is an annual obligatory charity on every Muslim, male or female, who possesses over the last stratum money or property that exceeds their minimum needs. The requirement is 2. 5% of ones excess wealth. The mental process of the pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia is required once in a lifetime of every Muslim, if financially able, as well as physically able. Hajj begins every year during the month of Dul Hejja. Dul Hejja is the 12th month of the Muslim calendar year.The Hajj is a spiritual journey where a Muslim forgets all worldly things and devotes his/her anxiety and time to Allah alone. Islam looks at the woman as an equal, mature and capable partner of a man, without whom a family cannot exist and teaches that men and women are all the creation of Allah, existing on a level of equal charge and value. In some societies women are hardened according to ancestral customs and tribal tradition, but in Islam they are hard-boiled with full respect and honor. Islam preserves womens honor and dignity, and requires that she must be treated with respect and honor.Her femininity should not be exploited in any way, rather she is to be regarded and treated as human individual whose sexuality does not enter into her relationship with any person other than her husband. In Islam marriage cannot take place unless the female freely agrees to it and a dowry is given to her. Islam puts priorities for the husbands and wives. The province for providing for the family is on the husband, while the responsibility to care for the house and raising the children is on the wife. These are the main priorities, but cooperation between the husband and the wife is required and highly recommended.

“EU Design’s Rise in the Apparel and Fashion Industry Essay

authorized Management StyleEU Designs management style was founded in a genuinely small business environment. There was little standardization of individual tasks. In a small business, e true(a)lyone on staff is expected to be involved in all day-to-day business activities. This creates a genuinely in clod relationship between workers and management. In addition to the small business aspect, EU Design is in a creative industry. Many of the people in this industry are not trained or educated in formal business practices. A creative mindset takes precedence over the social system of the business.For EU Design, theatrical role of product is not an issue at the present time. The gild is ISO 9000 certified with SA8000 accreditation. However, maturement into a larger company requires a more formal management style to ensure this quality is kept up to standard. EU Design needs to develop a mission statement and merged vision for the employees to substantiate a common goal as a m ove toward a more formal management style. Without a defined mission statement, employees result have their own ideas of the companys goals. Once a mission statement and business strategy is established, EU Design needs to come in which performance metric is most essential to the continued growth of the company.Balanced ScorecardWhile financials such as return on capital and cash flow are imperative to the sustainability of a company, customer-related prosody such as quality and timeliness of delivery are of upmost importance to keep the clients who will provide the profit. Customer feedback and surveys will provide the measurement of the value being created for clients. This will help EU Designs management focus more on what the clients actual needs are instead of focusing on what they perceive customer needs to be. An example of the balanced calling card would resemble the exhibit belowObjectivesMeasuresFinancial perspective Increasing profitability and revenue Return on asset s-Increased sales revenue Profit ratioCustomer perspective Customer loyalty Attaining brisk customers Orders from latest customers Orders from new customersInternal perspective Adherence to schedule Customer driven products Productivity Ratio of actual delivery times to planned schedule Ratio of on time deliveries Number of new collections and designs added learnedness and Growth perspective Increased chat within the company Increased education of employees Number of periodic meetings held Total budget for education courses Number of employees attending coursesInternal inadequacies need to be pinpointed for optimal efficiency. orb procedures and work practices should be established and documented. This will highlight aspects such as time management, efficiencies, and employee competency. This will let in management to keep abreast of the working environment and augment employee stability. Fashion trends come and go very quickly, and being able to recognize what is trending an d the ability to supply quickly is imperative to success. Management must remains trends and concentrate on key suppliers that are providing the product for current trends, and all employee efforts must be tell toward this goal. Establishment of clear-cut goals and procedures is necessary to achievethis.Formalization of management needs to begin from the top down. Berardi is in any case involved in day-to-day activities and cannot see the big picture of the company. He is functioning as an bankers bill manager and sales representative rather than performing duties of a CEO. He may not be able to make difficult decisions to cut or grow a particular segment beca lend oneself of his final stage involvement. Berardi needs to bring an employee up to take over his accounts so he can concentrate on his role of CEO. A new organizational structure would resemble the Exhibit 1. There needs to be standardization of communication between the two purposes to ensure that all client informa tion and requirements are dual-lane and understood. Regular videoconference meetings with the staff of both partings can be implemented.Given the time difference one office would have to come in very early or the early(a) office would stay late. This may be difficult but should be adhered to so all employees are receiving the same information. This could be tried and true on a monthly basis. These meetings would help to create a more cohesive environment between New York and Hong Kong. This would also give the Hong Kong office a chance to provide requested feedback to New York. As a supplement, an online open forum for questions from one office can be posted and answered by the other office when it opens.Incentive SystemsCurrently there is no formal incentive system. Many of the rewards are ground on Berardis perception of employee performance. If he does not have the opportunity to have direct communication with all employees, it is a possibility that he is not able to appropr iately assess individual performances. The employees themselves snarl that above-standard performance was not always noted. This sometimes resulted in sub-optimal achievements being recognized while the employee going the spare mile was getting passed over. A new incentive system must include a formal evaluation method of employee performance. In order to evaluate, official job descriptions must be written to use as a benchmark. These descriptions give the employees the framework within which to cost-efficiently perform their duties. The employees immediate executive program must complete this evaluation. This is the person who has direct observance of day-to-day activities.Having the formal evaluation takes out the individualized bias of the supervisors. Semiannual reviews will keep employees apprised of their performance and managementexpectations. This will benefit both the company and the employees by keeping them both focused on a common goal. To encourage the employees to be sales oriented, a commission system could be introduced. Since company money is already directed toward training courses and classes, religious offering employees sales training courses will give them the opportunity to take advantage of the new commission system. If cash in hand are limited and an official sales manager cannot be hired, then the classes would be the most efficient way to educate employees. These classes would be directed toward the Junior Merchandisers. The current duties for this position would fit best with the new sales system.Although hiring office managers would be beneficial, in the present financial climate this may not be feasible. However, one employee in each location needs to be responsible for office operations. Both offices have an accountant on staff that report directly to Berardi. This person could take on the role of office manager. Since the accountant would be the most business-minded person, he or she would be most qualified to monitor the be and inefficiencies within the office. Overall EU Designs growth has been slow and steady, as evidenced by a five-year gross margin increase of almost 300 percent. This growth has necessitated a change in management style. If Berardi acknowledges that changes need to happen, the implementation should happen rather smoothly.

Privacy and Internet Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Privacy and Internet Policy - interrogation Paper ExampleEverybody person has the right to privacy of person-to-person information which is private in nature. George Reynolds, in his book Ethics in Information Technology, argues that Privacy is the right to be left alone the about comprehensive of rights, and the right most valued by a free people (Reynolds, 2010). People like to keep their private information secret because they do non want it to be misused by differents. So they safeguard it with the help of laws as also with the help of software etc. The concept of consumer compose is also relevant in this context. It deals with sketching of important psycho-graphical and demographical information concerning the user of a product. Such data consists of flesh out like gender, age group, education, place of living, profession, income scale, marital status etc. Some companies explicitly gather personal information about the users of internet when they register at their webs ites by way of making them fill veritable forms. The threat in this case is that personal data is collected and certain companies sell this information to other firms without the consent of consumers. Thus, the internet exposes individuals to the threat of leaking their private information. Therefore, protecting consumer data is a significant concern bandage using the internet for various purposes. Though all companies have a privacy statement, explicitly disposed on their websites, one cannot rule out the possibility that living privacy enhancing technologies fail in the emergence of a vendor operating against their stated privacy policy. , leading to loss of customer privacy and security (Pearce & Bertok, 1999, para. 1). Personal information transacted through online can be misused, which will lead to failure in safeguarding customer privacy. There are some laws to prevent the misuse of personal data, but these are not sufficient to fully safeguard privacy. Therefore, there i s an urgent need to enhance or supplement the existing regulations to completely

Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Research study - Essay ExampleExchange of a commodity between individuals with the aim of deriving mutual benefits or with profit motif is one of the available definitions for the term business. The definition however extends to multiple transactions and disqualifies detached transactions, such as a single replacement in a persons life, as business. A single exchange transaction or just a few number of exchange transactions like three times in a persons lifetime, for instance, does not range the individual as a businessperson and therefore fails to offer an accurate definition of business. A more(prenominal) accurate definition of business is therefore an activity whose primary objective is wealth creation by exchange of goods and services. This definition separates such transactions as sale of personal property as a disposal strategy because of lack of profit motive. Some examples of activities have also been identified with the definition of business. match to Maheshwari (1 997), all activities in the field of commerce and industrial based activities meets the definition of business and this includes activities in underlying industries, processing and manufacturing industries and the network of ancillary services, distribution, banking, insurance, transport, among other sectors (Maheshwari, 1997, 1). ... Its souration is simple, requiring no formalities, and it requires small amount of capital to perish because its scope can be narrow. The proprietor also enjoys all the derived profit from the business and has the sole ratiocination making right, a property that allows for faster decisions because there is no consultation obligations. Sole proprietorships however faces a number of challenges such as difficulty to raise sufficient capital for ventures, limited sources of capital because of lack of collaterals, and lack of specialization that limits quality of goods or services from a sole proprietorship business (Kelly and McGowen, 2010 Gitman and McDaniel 2008). pretermit of expertise in management and service delivery possibleness of the proprietor overworking himself are other limitations of the form of business. The business life is also limited to the life of the owner (Schneeman, 2012 Miller, n.d.). Partnership is another form of organization for business activities and defines a group of individuals, normally between two and twenty people, with a green objective of making profit. The form of business has advantages such as a wider capital base from members contribution, possibility of rich skills and experience from members that can be organized into specialization, rich sources of ideas for decision-making. Members also share losses and this facilitates persistence because of reduced impacts (Pride, Hunges and Kapoor, 2010 Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso, 2010). Disadvantages however include sharing of profits, lengthy decision-making processes that may also experience disagreements and unlimited liability of business partners (Sutherland and Canwell, 2008). Cooperatives have such advantages as low operation

Chinese economic developments in the nineteenth century Essay

Chinese economic developments in the nineteenth hundred - Essay ExampleThe paper impart also look at chinawares scope in foreign trade and the changing trends occasioned by a variety of trading empires from the west and in particular the fulfilment of accordance air which opened up chinas ports to the knowledge domain. On focus is chinas conflict with a growing west of the 19th century especially England which was confrontational. Another consideration is the crises being experienced accordingly in chinaware due to rebellion and other natural and social issues that opened her market to the west. China in the 19th century Just as the emergence of China in the 21st century has had a drastic effect on the Western economies today, the same stop be said, but in reverse, of China two centuries ago when European countries took over as the world economic power houses comment China as a client res publica. Chinas volume of foreign exchange proceed to be low and restricted but lat er a remarkable increase was witnessed as fruit from different corners especially Europe and neighboring Far East countries started flowing into the Chinese market (Keller, Li and Shiue 2010, p. 1). Below is a graphical illustration showing Chinas foreign trade with the star(p) economies between 1865 and 1900. Source Keller, Li and Shiue (2010, P.42). Chinese ports became the conduit by which foreign goods were transited through. During this period China was still fortunate with a great endowment of natural resources a colossal though contented populace that boasted of a prestigious royal dynasty domestically and overseas (Asia for Educators 2004, p. 1). Chinas dynastic empire was the leading thrift in the world at the start of 19th century and her Gross Domestic Product (GDP) surpassed the have GDPs of Western Europe, the North America, Japan and...This essay offers a retrospective comprehensive review of the economic developments in China during the nineteenth century. The pa per explores Chinese scope in foreign trade in that period and the changing trends, which were occasioned by a variety of trading empires from the west and in particular the period of treaty port which opened up chinas ports to the world.Just as the emergence of China in the twenty first century has had a drastic effect on the Western economies today, the same can be said, but in reverse, of China two centuries ago when European countries took over as the world economic power houses rendering China as a client state. The entry into China by the Europeans and the subsequent forced opening of Chinese port and eventual setting up of treaty ports that favor the West over the Chinese culminated into an influx of a variety of products range and goods as well, as we power saw above the smuggling of opium an item that led to the opium wars. This resulted into China increasingly turning to a client state during the period of nineteenth century as imported rate of imported new goods grew ye arly devil centuries ago China suffered humiliation from the west when her territory was defiled and their culture trampled upon. From the rich history of China it is evident that though the West forcefully entered China and imposed its agenda selfishly by make the Chinese leadership to enter into biased treaties, a thing the Chinese detested, in the long hang in it is the Chinese who have benefited.